Asteroid Deflection Algorithms: Calculating Target Nuclear Impacts

TL;DR

Did you know that a nuclear device detonated 30 meters inside an asteroid is significantly more effective at moving it than an explosion on its surface? You might imagine a Hollywood style explosion that shatters a space rock into dust but real science focuses on a gentle nudge. Scientists use complex math to ensure we push a threat away without turning one giant rock into a thousand smaller, equally dangerous pieces.